Grade school book report Essay Example for Free

Evaluation textbook report Essay Tom Sawyer The youthful hero of the novel. Living with his auntie St. Petersburg, Missouri, Tom has an affinity for experience and flaunting. Continually getting into underhandedness, he takes an impromptu day off from school and would prefer to swim than keep an eye on his Sunday school exercises. Favored with a functioning creative mind, Tom dreams to be an honorable burglar, for example, Robin Hood or a privateer. Hungry for consideration, Tom is fixated on seeming honorable and acquiring the jealousy of his friends. In any case, Tom is very sharp and has a mind boggling knowledge on human instinct. All through the novel, Tom must figure out how to tune in to his inner voice and become responsible for his activities. Huckleberry Finn The towns social outcast. Child of a harsh and alcoholic dad who left town, Huck has neglected to have been raised with any parental direction or authority figures. Since he can smoke a funnel and never needs to go to chapel or school, he is the jealousy of each student and the bad dream of each mother around. Huck and Tom frequently have experiences and both have faith in different notions. Albeit dismissed by the sociables, Huck has a benevolent soul and thought for other people. Auntie Polly Toms to some degree older auntie and gatekeeper. Strict, basic mannered, and kind-hearted, Aunt Polly is regarded among the residents of St. Petersburg. Answerable for Toms control and childhood, Aunt Polly is continually conflicted between communicating her irritation and giving her darling for Tom. Each time he raises a ruckus, another hair on her head turns dim; she regularly wishes Tom would act appropriately like his sibling, Sid. Sid Sawyer Toms more youthful stepbrother. Continually attempting to snitch on Tom, Sid keeps a nearby on eye his siblings bad behaviors. A toady, he is a prompt and diligent understudy. Mary Toms more seasoned cousin who lives with Aunt Polly. Mary is portrayed as a sweet and great hearted youngster who sees the great characteristics in Toms character. Strict and devout, Mary was an excellent understudy  ¬ something contrary to Tom. Becky Thatcher The girl of Judge Thatcher. Becky is Toms age and has as of late moved into town. Demure and legitimate, Becky is something contrary to Tom: she experiences never been in difficulty and is accustomed to complying with her moms words. With light hair and dressy gowns, she rapidly wins Toms warmth and consideration. Injun Joe The adversary of the novel. Blameworthy of a few homicides, Injun Joe have a brutal personality is determined to looking for retribution on the individuals who have rewarded him cruelly previously. He endeavors to outline Muff Potter for one of his own violations and is sought after by the town specialists. Muff Potter The town alcoholic who is confined for the homicide of Dr. Robinson. In spite of the fact that his caring nature and plastered state make him innocuous, Potter is abused by the whole town that accepts that he is a killer. Mr. Jones/Old Welshman The old Welshman who lives with his two in number children in the region of Widow Douglass house. With Hucks help, the Welshman can go to the widows helper. Widow Douglas A rich, high society widow. With a benevolent soul and a commitment to the Christian confidence, the widow Douglas is known for her open neighborliness and amiable attitude. She additionally shows up as a significant character in Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Dr. Robinson The youthful specialist, blameworthy of grave burglarizing, whose murder affects the confused happenings in St. Petersburg. Joe Harper Toms chest companion. One of Toms posse of privateers, Joe goes with Tom on a portion of his experiences. Mrs. Harper Joes mother Amy Lawrence Tom Sawyers previous sweetheart, whom he every so often plays with and was recently drawn in to. Minor Characters: Judge Thatcher Beckys father. A pleased and all around regarded man of equity, whose family has as of late moved into town. Mrs. Thatcher Beckys mother, spouse of the Judge. Alfred Temple A fashionable kid whom Tom believes is pompous. Alfred likewise competes for Becky Thatchers consideration. Mr. Dobbins The schoolmaster. Abhorred by all the youngsters, Mr. Dobbins is delineated as a harsh and wretched man who utilizes lashings as a technique for discipline. Mr. Walter The Sunday School Superintendent who issues Bibles to the top understudies. Mr. Sprague The verbose priest. Ben Rogers A little fellow who is Toms companion. Setting The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is set in the town of St. Petersburg, Missouri, some time around the center of the nineteenth century Biography of the Author Born on November 30, 1835, in Florida, Missouri, Samuel L. Clemens composed under the pseudonym Mark Twain and proceeded to pen a few books, including two significant works of art of American writing, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. He was likewise a riverboat pilot, writer, instructor, business visionary and innovator. Twain passed on in Redding, Connecticut on April 21, 1910, having endure his kids Langdon, Susan and Jean just as his significant other, Olivia. In the course of his life, he turned into a recognized individual from the literati, and was regarded by Yale, the University of Missouri, and Oxford with abstract degrees. Strife Man versus man Tom and Huck see their greatest battle to be among themselves and Injun Joe, whose gold they need and whom they accept is out to execute them. Strife likewise exists among Tom and his inventive world and the desires and rules of grown-up society. Lesson of the Story Moral and Social Maturity When the novel opens, Tom is occupied with and frequently the coordinator of youth tricks and pretend games. As the novel advances, these at first outcome free adolescent games take on increasingly more gravity. Tom drives himself, Joe Harper, Huck, and, in the cavern, Becky Thatcher into progressively hazardous circumstances. He additionally ends up in difficult situations in which he should place his anxiety for others over his anxiety for himself, for example, when he takes Becky’s discipline and when he affirms at Injun Joe’s preliminary. As Tom steps up to the plate and help other people rather than himself, he shows his expanding development, fitness, and good uprightness. Tom’s undertakings to Jackson’s Island and McDougal’s Cave remove him from society. These representative expulsions help to set him up to come back to the town with another, progressively grown-up point of view toward his relationship to the network. In spite of the fact that right off the bat Tom admires Huck as a lot more established and smarter, before the finish of the novel, Tom’s development has outperformed Huck’s. Tom’s self-improvement is apparent in his request, notwithstanding Huck’s want to escape every social limitation, that Huck remain with the Widow Douglas and become acculturated. Perspective Third Person (Omniscient) the storyteller doesn't partake in the activity of the story as one of the characters, yet tells us precisely how the characters feel. As a storyteller, Twain can't just observe what his characters are seeing and thinking, yet he can channel their characters.

Why Is Africa So Poor Essays - World, Economy, Structure, Aid

Why Is Africa So Poor? Africa has consistently been poor. Despite the fact that, for a large portion of mankind's history, the entire world has been poor.It was distinctly in the eighteenth century with the mechanical and horticultural revolutionsthat Europe, particularly England, began to lift itself out of poverty.Unfortunately, while the remainder of the world was industrializing Africa was deserted. There are numerous purposes behind this including: debasement, ailment, abuse, geology and religion. In this exposition I will clarify how these components influence Africa and make them so poor. Debasement is one of the greatest and most significant variables that have caused Africa's overwhelming destitution. It is such an awful issue in light of the fact that the debasement is for the most part in the administration who control the entirety of the nations cash and recourses. A case of this is the Nigerian government. The previous president Goodluck Jonathan was purportedly given over $200million for the disputable $1.3 billion offer of OPL 245 oil field. This oil field was perhaps the biggest wellspring of pay in addition to the fact that Jonathan took a pay off none of the cash that he earnt from the deal went to the residents of Nigeria. This is only one of the numerous models that can be named in the greater part of the nations of Africa. A subsequent factor in that can be utilized to clarify Africa's neediness issue is on the grounds that Africa is fantastically wealthy in regular assets it has been pulling in the avaricious for a long time. This, thus, has prompted the land being involved by pariahs whose need was to misuse however much of the riches as could be expected, to be sent out back to their own nation. This thus prompted strife, both universal and ancestral, as different nations, groups and clans have battled for control of the rich regular assets. What's more, where there is struggle, there is likewise crushing neediness. Another explanation that can be considered answerable for Africa's cash issue is all the illnesses. There are a great deal of ailments in Africa, one of the most notable being HIV-AIDS. I think this is an integral motivation behind why is Africa so poor on the grounds that these sicknesses are similarly as harmful to the economy as they are the body. Destitution in any case will in general lead to sickness since individuals can't bear to take legitimate measures against it, and afterward the infection itself prompts more neediness in view of the powerlessness to fill in also and the expense of clinical assistance. Taking everything into account

New Year, New Me

6 / New Year, New Me Looking back To set the mood: You and me shallou Looking back 2018 was an incredible, incredible year.  I learned to be comfortable with being uncomfortable, a foreigner in distant lands, comfortable with uncertainty as I took my life day by day, moment by moment. 2018 was a year of many firsts. My goal, though cliché, was to stay in the present, appreciate each and every moment, and take it all in.  Most of the places and people I met I would likely not ever see again. But I didnt want that to stop me from enjoying and making each and every new interaction and experience worthwhile. I wanted to cultivate meaningful memories, people, places, sights, foods, feelings, smells, and sounds that I reflect back on when I returned to the US and to carry with me for the rest of my life. I wanted to make the most of my time abroad and appreciate all the opportunities that the new year offered. WINTER Packed up my life in Boston, put most in storage, and moved out of my room Competed at the 2018 US Championships in San Jose, CA Stayed with a host family in Germany while teaching at a high school for MISTI Global Teaching Labs, and traveled around the country Spent a week with my grandparents and dad in Hong Kong and visited Taiwan Wrote about my travels so far in  Around the world in 30 days SPRING Moved into my new room at a dorm in Switzerland and started the semester at ETH Zürich as 1 of 6 MIT exchange students Started a new series of post about studying abroad and exploring Switzerland and Europe, Swiss culture, and meeting new people: Fig. 1: Fernweh Fig. 2: Frühlingsgefühle Fig. 3: La dolce vita Fig. 4: Study with me!   Fig. 5: Zimmer- und Wohnungsvermittlung Universität/ETH Zürich Fig. 6: Eigenverantwortung Opened a Swiss bank account Made a traditional Swiss supper with a local Shared experiences with my language tandem partner Took a German intensive course Finished 2 research projects and wrote 2 research papers Did a 3 (5?) mile run through the streets of Zürich, the most Ive ever run in my life Attended two winter carnivals and even a snowman-burning event Skied in the Alps Hiked a lot. A lot. Traveled all around Switzerland on a half-fare travel pass with free train travel after 7pm Got stuck in Stuttgart returning back to Zürich because of a missed train and cancelled connection Ate a lot of chocolate. Even made champaign truffles at the Lindt factory Toured the Graf skate factory Trained with members of the Swiss National figure skating team Had a lesson with former Swiss skater and World Champion Denise Biellmann Learned to cook a traditional Czech meal in Prague Went to my first wine tasting in Florence Toured Italy, Scandinavia, and Eastern Europe, many trips taken on my own, solo-travel Managed all the paperwork and registered with the Swiss authorities successfully, didnt get kicked out of the country SUMMER Flew back to the US and started my summer internship at Microsoft in Seattle. Worked with incredibly talented engineers and networked with senior leadership Picked up my second US Collegiate Champs title Visited Vancouver with my mom Day tripped to Portland for the first time Finished my final papers and exams for my semester at ETH, and passed my courses :) Turned 21, bought my first legal drink, and went to my first bar in the US FALL Started a new series for Senior year: 1 / How to MIT again?! 2 / Keep Calm and Carry On 3 / A team effort 4 / Just *breathe* 5 / The final countdown Flew back to Boston and moved into an apartment with a friend Returned back to the MIT firehose Skated in my fourth and final Evening with Champions at Harvard Had brunch with a Nobel Laureate Went to my last (hopefully) career fair Learned how to laser cut and 3D print Witnessed MIT Henge for the first time Did PaintBar for the first time Competed at an intercollegiate championships in New York Flew to CA and back on two separate red-eye trips for on-site interviews. Finally got to go to the beach and visit home for the first time in over a year Competed at 2019 Easterns in North Carolina and qualified for the 2019 US Champs Hit reset during Thanksgiving break Went to the Boston Symphony for the first time Performed at the MIT Winter Exhibition Accepted a full-time offer Wrote about studying for finals while procrastinating studying for finals:  How to Finalsâ„¢ PASSED 6.046 and bio Spent a few days at home after finals Returned back to Boston to cram train Present Since returning back to Boston, Ive been hard at work at the rink training with my coaches and getting in shape. I skate in the morning, 2-3 hours on the ice, and then some smaller workouts and cool-down recovery in the afternoon. After my workouts, Ive been binging Downton Abbey and am now on the final season. Ive been working on rebuilding my portfolio website from scratch, testing out new recipes, learning some more German, and reading some. Outside of the rink, Ive been taking it easy, savoring the holiday break away from the firehose. Looking forward Im excited for 2019. Im competing in 2 weeks. Im flying back to Switzerland for a week before the semester starts. Im graduating (fingers crossed) in June. Im starting to figure out my summer plans before I move to Seattle to start full-time work in September. This coming semester, I only need 2 more classes plus a PE to graduate. I can finally take classes for fun, for pure interest and enjoyment, come February. But with some added freedom comes decisions. I spent 3.5 hours one evening parsing through the course catalog and figuring out what I wanted to pre-register for. I narrowed it down to 7 courses, and Ill have to narrow that down come Reg Day. A firehose of classes I wanted to take What I actually preregistered for, albeit still way too many For the new year, Ive been thinking a lot about making a New Years Resolution. Last year I made it my goal to stay in the moment, to be comfortable with uncertainty and discomfort. This year I still want to continue that mindset, especially in my last and final semester here at MIT. But I also want to focus on systems. Systems to guide my life, my habits, my routine, my lifestyle, my decisions. So much of computer science is about systems, systems design thinking, the speed, efficiency, and capacity of different systems, about how different components network and function together. But how about the systems that run our lives? I dont want to obsess over results, but rather on cultivating the process, the systems that help us achieve our goals. My dream, purpose, and mission constantly change, but I want to focus on being intentional in my day-to-day actions. That doesnt mean I wont  set goals for myself any longer, but I want to focus on the process of working towards them, and not just the goals itself. The past 3.5 years at MIT, Ive been so heavily goal-oriented, focused on getting through to the next pset or midterm, the next holiday, the next semester, landing my next internship, doing the next best thing. But Im quickly running out of nexts, semesters to work towards, summers to look for internships. Instead, Im hoping to apply the systems mindset to build healthy and productive habits that will help me in all areas of my life and career. I do have 3 overarching themes in mind for my systems reset: health, wealth, and wisdom. What better time than now, 2019, to start? Health: Having gone through so many injuries and illnesses the past year, I dont want to take my health for granted. Applying the systems mindset, Im paying more careful attention to my diet and workout routines, as well as my daily morning and evening routines. Wealth: Ive recently been thinking about retirement and IRAs, and haven been reading up on the FIRE (financial independence/retire early) movement.  I know, I know, I havent even started a full-time job yet. But Im starting to figure out more creative ways to save more money and budget tighter. As an easy and enjoyable first step, with more time on my hands this break, Ive been rarely eating out and cooking most of my meals. Wisdom: Once I graduate, I certainly do not want to stop learning. This year, I need to force myself to stick to a system in which I open myself up to new areas of study, but also to continue to learn about the latest research, developments, and technologies in computer science and other related fields. I want to constantly be building something, so as a first step, I want to always be working on a side project for fun. Im starting the year off with finishing a brand new portfolio website Im building from scratch and learning different web technologies for the first time. I hope that gives you a sneak peek of the new approach Im embracing in 2019. Heres to a Happy New Year to you all, and of course, to many more blogs to come! ?? Post Tagged #2019 #looking back #looking forward #new year new me #new year's resolutions #staying in the present

The Movie Rude - 843 Words

Two individuals, from two completely different generations - both competing for the same girl in different relationships - compose two music videos. The first video, â€Å"Rude,† tells the story of a young man who is in love with a girl. He persistently asks the girl’s father for her hand in marriage, but the father rejects him. The boy proceeds to express his feelings against the father, hence the title, â€Å"Rude.† The second video, â€Å"Rude† Parody, presents the father’s opinion and thoughts on why he believes his daughter is too good for the boy in question. The father explains his side of the story and tells how he views the young man as â€Å"rude.† Both music videos display two seemingly polar-opposite individuals. â€Å"Rude† and â€Å"Rude† Parody portray two men who have more in common than they believe. â€Å"Rude† and â€Å"Rude† Parody both contain a corresponding theme: two men wanting the best for someone they care for deeply. (â€Å"Rude†) video begins with a scene showing a young boy and girl in love, expressing deep affection for each other. Through the progression of the video, the boy expresses his wish for the happiness of the girl he loves by his persistence in achieving her hand, buying her a ring, and promising that no matter what, he will marry her. The boy states he will go to any extreme to attain his love, even by running away with her to â€Å"another galaxy† (â€Å"Rude†). The father in â€Å"Rude† Parody similarly shows care for his daughter by his affectionate names for her:Show MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech : Being Honest And Rude1243 Words   |  5 PagesSometimes when a person hears â€Å"be honest with me† they can interpret it as giving brutal, hurtful feedback. I hear it way too often; people will insult others and say, Well, I m just honest. But there is a fine border between being honest and rude, when I think of ho nesty, I think of benefiting someone in a way that will boost their confidence and not bring them down and have to question what they wear or how they look. They should feel better and grow from honesty. Which is the way that it shouldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Waiting 1604 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction and Description of the Movie: Waiting is a movie that displays an entirely different side to the restaurant environment, the audience sees the backstage and all the activities that go on. The first scene shows a raging party where there is loud music, illegal drugs, and lots of alcohol. Although most of the characters are shown at the party they are not introduced until later in the movie. The movie encompasses many characters and their stories, including how they are connected toRead MoreTaming Of The Shrew Comparison Essay771 Words   |  4 Pagesgirls named Katerina and Bianca and their many suitors. 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Their rudeness is caused by mere ignorance or the thought that it is socially acceptable now (LaBossiere 2008). A meansRead MoreEssay on The American Civil War759 Words   |  4 Pagesothers demanded freedom. Today there are many movies about the civil war. For example the movie Glory which was made in December 15, 1989 it was directed by Edward Zwick. The movie depicts the lives of African American soldiers who had to endure tougher training than the American man, and American officials who had to make these men into real action fighting soldiers. The defining characters in this movie were. Major Cabot Forbes who was very tender towards the African American soldiers and he evenRead MoreLean On Me By Norman Twain884 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Lean On Me† (Norman Twain Productions, 1989) The movie â€Å"Lean on Me† was published in 1989. The movie depicts a time period when drug use/ abuse, and violence was very prevalent at Eastside High the inner city high schools in Paterson New Jersey. Eastside HS having these challenges created a societal view of low expectations for the students that attended the school. The students that attended the high school were predominately African American and Latinos, and because of their race they were consideredRead MoreTeacher ´s and Learning and the Example of the Movie Dangerous Minds861 Words   |  3 PagesThe movie â€Å"Dangerous Minds† was directed by John N. Smith in 1995. â€Å"Dangerous Minds† was a move to encourage teachers to never give up on the students. Giving students motivation and understanding will go a long way. The students in the movie were misunderstood and rude to all of the teachers. The past teachers had given up on the students but the current teacher, Ms. Johnson, did not give up on the students. Ms. Johnson incorporated a few learning theories that turned out to be very affective. 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His new producer Rita and long-time cameraman Larry join him. Phil spends the night in Punxsutawney, where he does not want to go and does not want to stay in a cheap hotel to sleepRead MoreHuman Resources : An Organization1424 Words   |  6 Pagesthe old. They also help develop a competitive advantage which includes building the capacity of the company so they can offer an exclusive product/service to customers. They try developing strategies for the business and opportunities. MOVIE – In the movie we see that Andy goes for a job interview at the fashion magazine Runway, and soon gets the job. Andy is known as a joke to the business and doesn’t fit the position as she knows nothing about fashion and certainly doesn’t wear the correct

An overview of indian car market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4876 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Despite of the present economic, the Indian Automobile Industry also showed a steady growth during the year 2006-2007. This is evident from the dramatic increase in the turnover of both domestic players and international players. During the fiscal year of March 2006 to March 2007, the Indian automobile industry showed an upbeat performance with each segment showed a record growth. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An overview of indian car market" essay for you Create order According to Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM India), the domestic sales of Cars have grown steadily over the year 2001-2007. During the year 2001 the annual sales of cars for domestic market was about 6, 75,000 Units, and it has increased dramatically to 13, 75,000 units by the year 2007. Source- Siamindia.com Not only the domestic market, which showed the upbeat trend in the sales of cars, but the export market in the cars have also showed a very positive trend during the year of 2001-2007, as we can see that the number of units exported during the year 2001 was approximately 52,500 and it steadily increased to approximately 2,00,000 in the year 2007. Source- Siamindia.com From the graph shown below, it is evident that the major force behind the sales and export increase in the Indian automobile industry is the considerable increase in the sales of Passenger cars. The sales in the passenger cars also recorded a high rate of growth during the year 2001-20 07 Source- Siamindia.com History of Honda Honda is a leading Japanese company which manufactures world class range of motorcycles and automobiles for  the world market. The Birth of Honda motor company starts with the launching of a Research institute for developing small and efficient internal- combustion engine by an engineer  Honda Soichiro. Later in 1948 it was integrated as  Honda Motor Company  and began producing  motorcycles in 1949. In 1953 Honda introduced a small engine motor cycle code named as C-100 and by the year of 1959. Though, Honda is a pioneer in producing motorcycles, the major part of the companys revenue comes from  automobiles, which the company began producing in 1963, the company also have other major product areas include  farm machinery  and small engines. Honda is a major Japanese exporter to the United States and to other parts of the world. It also has  assembly plants  in a number of other countries and is engaged in joint ventures and technology-licensing agreements with several foreign companies. Honda entered India with a Joint venture with Hero group, who were prominent producers of Hero cycles in India. With Hero group, Honda began to produce and market 100 CC motor cycles, under the name tag of Hero Honda. Hero Honda became the leader in the two wheeler segment in India, after making a formidable position in the two wheeler segment, in December 1995; Honda formed another Joint venture with Shriram group, and formed Honda Siel cars and entered four wheeler market segments in India, with a vision of making world class passenger cars for Indian customers. Internationalization of Honda Uppsala model and Lead Market concept Honda made their first move towards internationalization, by exporting their products to United States of America. In the year 1959 Honda opened their first U.S. production plant in 1979 and has evolved into a company that directly employs more than 25,000 Americans. More than 100,000 workers are employed at authorized Honda automobile, motorcycle and power-equipment dealerships in the United States. Tens of thousands of additional Americans are employed by more than nearly 600 U.S. suppliers from which Honda purchases parts and materials. The pattern of labours and suppliers, chosen by Honda in host country shows Hondas strategy in building a commitment with the Host country. Early contribution of Uppsala model: Johanson WiedersheimPaul 1975; Johanson Vahlne 1977. According to this model there are two modes for a firm to start internationalization; First method of internationalization described by Johanson and Weidersheim-Paul (1975) involves a sequence of steps including a nd establishment chain, At first, no regular export activities are performed in the market Export via independent representatives Sales through Subsidiaries Manufacturing unit through direct foreign investments. Along with the Uppsala model, some of the Japanese automakers also incorporate Lead Country or Lead market method of internationalization. It is a unique model of Internationalization, that a company produce vehicles targeting a lead market, then they modifies and facelift the base model, with the aid of feedbacks they get from the customers of the launched country. This information they utilize for the error detection and to solve the problem. This method of trouble shooting enables the product compatible for launching in another market. Raffee and Kreutzer (1989) describes that lead markets is the country in which a subsidiary of a multy national company takes up the responsibility of a global product and with their RD and innovation; they modify the base or the core model, susceptible to the global market or to another country. While Bartlett and Goshal (1990) argue that lead markets are the first markets that provide stimuli for most of the global products. Kotabe and Helsen (1998) Identifies that Lead Markets are the country in which the process of an innovation takes off. Marian and Thomas (2004) comments that Lead market shouldnt be chosen according to marketing perspective only, it should also reflects the Goal and capabilities of the company. Honda also adopts the same method of internationalization, they produce automobile suitable for a particular target market (Lead country or Lead Market).For e.g. Civic, Accord and CRV were targeted the US markets as the leading country, and then they entered other country with suitable modifications (Product adaptations and marketing communication- adaptations) while Honda city was to Asian markets comprising India, Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines. The market, where the product is first launched is known as Lead Market and the Country and the market which it enters later is known as Lag Market. Market selection method of Honda- Why India? Kumar et al, 1994, describes International Market Selection is a practice of implementing a principle for selecting markets and researching about how much a market can offer, or researching market potentials, grouping them according to their returns and the order of which should be served primarily. While Sayed.H.Rahman (2003) considers choosing a right market to enter is critical in the future success of a firm. Poul and Jesper (1998) argue International Market Selection as one of the major factors which determines the success or failure of an international firm in an international market. From the findings of these brilliant academics, it is clear that the success of a global company is very much depending upon the market or the country which it chooses to serve. As far as Honda is concerned, choosing India, was never a fault or mistake; Major positive and negative aspects of Indian automobile markets are described hereunder; Automobile industry is one of the fastest growin g industries in the India. Each year more than 2 million new automobiles enter on the roads of India and the industry is set to grow further. Automobile industry made its silent entry in India in the nineteenth century. Since the launch of the first car in 1897, India automobile industry has come a long way. Today India stands at the position of the fourth largest car market in the world. There are many factors which attracted the Automakers all over the world to tap in the Indian Auto Market, they are; Political Economical Factor Political factors which influence the global investments are having a stable government, to keep their investment and economy safe. At the moment, India holds a relatively strong and stable government in the region. India was facing a political instability during the year 2004-2009, because of the coalition with Left Democrats. The allied democrats were not ready for the economic liberalization process put forward by Prime Minister Dr.Manmohan Singh. After the national election of 2009, UPA allies got majority, under the leadership of Dr.Manmohan Singh. This stable government condition in India makes global investors to feel confident to invest in India. Until 1991, Indian economy was virtually closed to fresh foreign investment, as the government levied a high import tax on the imported foreign goods. The Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act or Licence raj passed in 1969 became an obstacle for multinational companies, operating in India to expand their Indian ope rations and during these periods, even Indian subsidiaries of these multinational companies were not permitted, to make foreign exchanges against rupees payment to pay dividends to their particular mother concerns situated abroad. All these stringent rules and regulations in India provided a great opportunity for domestic business to grow. However, when the Indian economy opened up in 1991, a number of leading global automotive companies entered into joint ventures with domestic manufacturers of India and thus started the large-scale production of automobiles in India. The production of automobiles in India is mainly for the domestic customers. Indias Open door policy and the ease in availing new and up-to-date models and the availability of Hassle free Car Loans made Indian Automotive market to flourish (Economic- Watch) Keystone consultancy (US) a subsidiary of LaSalle Consulting Associates-has forecast that India will become the worlds third largest automobile market by 20 30, behind just China and the US. The first and prominent reason for foreign companies to invest in India is because of India m is one among the upcoming economic powers in future, an Emerging Economy. India can be regarded as an emerging market because it is a potential market which promises an extensive growth in future, it has a successful communications and facilities, which facilitates marketing transaction, perfect competition market, the high standard of living, and high per-capita income, development of infra structure It is predicted that, in next few years Emerging markets like India and China will replace the mature markets of America, Europe and Japan as the primary driver of sales growth and will account for 69% of industry and 87% vehicle registrations. Over the few years there has been a significant growth of the Indian market has resulted in the high gross domestic production (GDP). The Annual growth rate of the Indian economy is ranged in between 6-7%. Demographic Factors India is the second largest population in the world with a total population of 967 million peoples. This population is expected to grow steadily and to reach at a total population of 1.2 billion peoples by the year 2040. According a government survey, Youth contributes about 41.05% of total Indian population. A relative amount of youth population is always a target segment for global marketers, as the spending and influencing power of youth is imperative. The rise in the Middle class population is another factor. The rapid economic growth has staged for the fundamental change among the countries consumers. Geographical factor Development of Infrastructure and interconnectivity between cities well developed communication system are a major factor for the inward flow of foreign investment. Market Entry Strategy 6.1. Entering Indian Automobile market Honda Siel Cars India Ltd., (HSCI) was formed in December 1995 as a joint venture between Honda Motor Co. Ltd., Japan and Siel Limited, a Siddharth Shriram Group company, with a vision to providing Hondas latest passenger car models and technologies, to cater the needs of the Indian customers. Honda Siel cars made their debut in Indian market with the world famous model- Honda City in 1997, Honda city has revolutionized the Indian passenger car market and has ever since been recognized as an engineering marvel in the Indian automobile industry. The success of City as well as all its other models has led HSCI to become the leading premium car manufacturer in India. After the success of Honda city, Honda Siel cars introduced a range of products to feed the affluent consumers of India, the products including Honda Accord, Honda CRV, Honda Jazz. With up-to-date models and constant innovations, face lift and re launch in their existing models, Honda Siel cars became the leaders in passenger car segment. In India HSCI made a huge investment of Rs. 1620 crores, further investment of RS. 1000 crore is planned and being currently invested for the coming second plant in Rajasthan. The company has a capacity of manufacturing 100,000 cars. HSCI registered a sales increase of 11% during December 2009. Bruce Kogut (1988) describes a joint venture as a process of incorporating a portion of capabilities or resources of two more companies into a common legal organization 6.2. Entering Small car market If you want to be a major player in the India, in the mass market, small cars are the way to go says Jochem Heizmann cited in reuters.com According to Mr. Koichi Kondo, crowded roads and traffic problems are forcing peoples to buy small cars. So Honda understands the global trend towards automobile selection is downsizing and Fuel conservation. So to raise Hondas presence further in this market a small car like this necessary says Mr.Koichi Kondo Executive vice president of Honda. The successful launching of Honda Jazz marks the entry of Honda Siel Cars into the small car segment, which was once the monopoly of Maruti Suzuki, a Joint venture of another Japan Automobile giant, Suzuki and Indian company Maruti Udyog Limited. Marketing mix of Honda in India Product, Honda jazz in India. A product is anything that is offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need (Armstrong, 2008, p500). Honda always incorporates the latest technology in their cars and this always becomes a fair competition with its competitors. Honda introduced the second generation of Jazz in Indian market, which is a face lifted model of the first generation. The Jazzs dynamic performance is achieved by a recently designed and developed four-cylinder 1.2-liter i-VTEC (Intelligent Variable Valve Timing and Electronic Lift Control) engine, featuring Programmed Fuel Injection that delivers maximum output. This engine is specially developed for the Indian Market. This specially designed engine, yielded a fuel economy of 16 KMPL in a test drive conducted by ARAI Since the safety of passengers and pedestrians is a top priority for Honda and all the safety equipment is standard across all variants. Honda Jazz comes with fully loaded with va rious active and passive safety features including ABS (Anti locking breaking system) with EBD (Electronic brake distribution system) Dual SRS airbags and pre- tensioned seat belts. Hondas Advanced Compatibility Engineered body (ACE) and G-CON (G-Force control technology) provide a high integrity survival zone that enhances self protection and better compatibility in collisions with other vehicles. Hondas pedestrian- Injury reduction body design helps protect pedestrians from injury in the event of a collision. This feature is also developed for the Indian market, where there are lots of pedestrian travellers. In response for global call for reducing carbon footprints, the new engine developed by Honda is E10 compatible and has euro IV emission levels. Honda also introduced various kinds of safety features for the safety of both passengers and pedestrians. Pricing and Positioning of Honda Jazz in India Kotler (2008, p639) identified price is the amount of money charged for a product or service, or the sum of the values that consumers exchange for benefits of having or using the product or service. According to Mr. Masahiro Takedagawa, Vice president and CEO, Honda Siel Cars India Ltd, Price should be justified by the value which, in turn, is determined by the costumer Honda Jazz comes with a premium price tag of Rs.7, 00,000/- plus. Though Honda jazz is completely manufactured in India, with the sourcing of 70% raw materials from local suppliers, the price of Rs.7, 00,000/- is because, Honda jazz is equipped with the latest and up to date technologies for the Safety of passengers and pedestrians Honda jazz is positioned at a segment of Premium Hatch Back, with its competitors as Skoda Fabia, Suzuki Swift. Honda faced a challenge during positioning of Honda Jazz. The Jazz itself qualifies as a small car (in India) by its virtue of size and Engine power, but its priced at Rs.7, 000, 00/- plus which valued than some midsized Sedan. In Thailand it is high positioned than City. Since Honda city is the flagship product of Honda in India, it became a hurdle for Honda Siel Cars to promote Honda Jazz over Honda City. The Ex showroom price of Honda jazz at the capital city of India, New Delhi is from Rs.6,93,000 to Rs.7,33,000. Prior to its launching the price tag of Honda Jazz was about Rs.8,20,960/- which is near to or more than the widely accepted Honda City, the sedan product of Honda. The base model of Honda city 1.5 S Manual Transmission cost about Rs.8, 40,000/- (Ex. Showroom Delhi). Honda dealt with the problem by making some slight changes in its engine. Honda compromised with the global engine of Honda Jazz, they lowered the engine capacity to 1.2 L i-VTECH, while majority of other markets enjoy Honda Jazz with 1.5 L i-VTECH. This compromise with the engine power has made Honda jazz eligible for a reduction of 12% in excise duty, with Exci se duty incentive of 12% Honda managed to position the Honda Jazz below its best seller sedan Honda City Honda managed to price Honda jazz in between Rs.6,98000 and Rs.7,33000. As a result of new engine, Honda Jazz became Economical in fuel consumption as well. Place According to Kotler and Armstrong, (2008), a Place is described as the location, where a consumer can obtain the service or a product, which a firm offer. Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. distributes their cars through their network of dealerships along the nation. Since Honda Products comes under premium range, they maintain state of the art Showrooms to uphold the premium value of Honda products. HSCI has already expanded and strengthened its dealer network in preparation for the launch of the Jazz. Distribution of the Honda Jazz is done with the aid of companys vast distribution network of 105 authorised dealership facilities, across the country. This network is likely to go up to 112 facilities by the end of the current financial year. Promotion Of Honda Jazz in India Kotler and Armstrong, (2008) describes the marketing promotion as a set of information about the product, which is delivered to customer to induce sales or a positive response. Honda is always unique in marketing communication. Considering the advertisement Honda, they were very careful and precise in their advertisement. Honda always projected their image as the most important thing. In their advertisement, they project the latest advanced technology, eco friendliness the brand name they project through the advertisement is Honda, than the Product. Honda promotes their products in majority through print media compared to the other players. Majority of the advertisement comes in national daily and magazines because they believe; it could educate the target customers in a better way. They promotes their product through the Honda websites as well, in the company website, Honda gave the awards and other honours they received in their excellence. Compared to Hondas Competitors , Honda was never into the aggressive promotional activities but the company always tried to maintain the quality and the created brand image by providing the best customer service Standardization V/S Adaptation of Honda Jazz in India Hamel and Prahalad (1985) argued that markets have become so homogenized that firms can market identical products and services across the globe through standardization. Standardization of the market is a firms movement towards homogenization of the market and to save cost of alteration (Cavusgil, Zou, Naidu, 1993) Kotler (1986) has advised the marketers not to be ignorant or biased while implementing standardization. While Boddewyn, Soehl and Picard (1986) has criticised that the social, political and cultural aspects are different across the borders and hence, the marketing program should be an adapted one to cater the diverse local situation and condition of the host country. Buzzell (1968) said, since the marketing program is entirely depending up on the local scenario of the market, so it should be adapted according to the local condition. There are many internal factors which determines the degree of standardization or adaptation a company should make in a market (wind, 1986) Product Adaptation and Standardization Honda introduced fairly standardized product, when we look at the exteriors periphery of Honda Jazz introduced in India. We can see the degree of standardizations in the dimensions and specification of the car they introduced in Indian market. However, Honda made a remarkable Product adaptation for the Indian market. In Japanese and some of the other European market the first generation of Honda Jazz is equipped with a 1.5 Litre i-VTEC  engine, while in India the second generation Honda Jazz comes with a specially launched 1.2 Litre i-VTEC engine, specially designed for the Indian market. This engine enables the car to be economical in fuel consumption without compromising much of power. Honda incorporated incredible spacious interiors for the Indian customers, who prefer lots of space for comfort and to store things inside their vehicles. Another important adaptation Honda made in Jazz for Indian market is, they only introduced manual transmission cars for the Indian market while other markets like Japan and Europe has its i-Shift transmission Model as well. In India, Honda kept the principle of approach of man maximum and machine minimum in designing, which enables maximum space for the passengers and reduce the space consumed for machine components Adaptation and Standardization of the Marketing Communication In India Honda made a standardization of their marketing communication up to an extend by avoiding celebrity endorsement. In India, Honda projected their brand image as the important thing for other models, while they made adaptations in conveying marketing message For Honda Jazz in Indian market, Honda made a remarkable adaptation, by giving a Slogan only one life, why so serious? with this slogan, they are clearly targeting the Jazzy youth of India (NDTV, Car and Bike Show), which constitutes major part of Indian population. Through their commercials they also demonstrate the space they incorporated inside the cars, especially for family person, who have to do multy tasking as a professional and a family person same time. Honda Jazz also came with another slogan of Magic Seat which stands for incredible storage space inside the car. According to the slogan they convey to the customers that with Magic seats, you can stuff your Jazz with anything you want India is a country of f estivals, so the promotions of Honda are a bit adopted for catching the religious consumers of the market. Honda for the first time introduced a great Honda fest during Dussera festival. Honda introduced win a car contest for the costumers of India. Costumer who purchase during the season of Dussera, will be eligible for participating in the contest. The grand price for the contest was to win a Honda car. Customers can also win accessories for free during their purchase on the festive season. And it was a successful adaptation to catch the customers during the festive season. Future of Honda in India Hondas new family car based on the Honda new small car concept unveiled in Delhi and will hit the showrooms in and India and Thailand by 2011.Honda Identifies India as the launch pad for its global small car which will debut during the next two to three years. The car, code-named 2CV, will have a maximum engine size of 1.2 litres to meet requirements for lower taxes and is expected to also be priced below 500,000 rupees. This car will be positioned under Honda Jazz and the vehicle is being developed for India as the lead country, it will enter other country. Conclusion So to sum up, we can say that the introducing up to date model and technology in India and their successful positioning and flexi factory network (Andrew Mair, 1994) and the glocolization process implemented by Honda, along with successful adaptation and standardization, for the Indian market made the Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. To overcome the marketing challenges, it faced during the launching of Honda Jazz in India. Refrences Akah Ishmael P. 1991, Strategy Standardization in International Marketing: An empirical invesgation of its degree of use and correlates. Journal of global marketing, 4(2) , pp 39-62 Andrew Mair (1994),Hondas Global Flexi Factory Network, International Journal of Operations Production Management, Vol. 14 No. 3, , pp. 6-23 Armstrong, G et al (2009) Marketing an Introduction, Prentice Hall, UK. Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1990  Ch.A. Bartlett and S. Ghoshal, Managing innovation in the transnational corporation. In: Ch. Bartlett, Y. Doz and G. Hedlund, Editors,Managing the Global Firm, Routledge, London (1990), pp. 215-255. Boddewyn,Joan.J,R.Soehl and J.Picard, 1866, Standardization of international market; is Tedd Levitt in fact right? Business Horizons, 29(October-December) 69-75 Buzzel, Robert. 1969, Can you standardize Multinational Marketing?, Harvard Business review, 49(November-December) pp 102-113 Cavusgil, S.T., Zoo, S., Naidu, G.M. (1993), Product and promo tion adaptation in export ventures: an empirical investigation,  Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 24 No.3, pp.479-506. H. Raffà ©e and R.T. Kreutzer, 1989  , Organisational dimensions of global marketing,  European Journal of Marketing  23  (1989) (5), pp. 43-57. Hamel, Gary and C.K.Prahalad, 1985, Do you really have a global strategy?, Harvard business review, July- August, pp, 92-101 Hill, J.S and R.R.Still, 1984, Adapting products to LDC taste, Harvard Business Review 62(march- april) pp 92-101 Jain, Subash.C -1989; standardization of international marketing strategy; some research hypothesis, Journal of marketing (January) pp 70-79 Jan Johanson and Jan-Erik Vahlne,(1977), The internationalization process of the firm- A model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments, Journal of international business studies, 8(1) pp. 23-32 Kotabe and Helsen, 1998  M. Kotabe and K. Helsen, Global Marketing Management, Wiley, New York (1998). Kotler, P (2006) Principles of marketing, Pearson publications. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G.,(2008) Principles of Marketing: 5th European Edition, Pearson Kotler, Philippe, 1986, Global Standardization: courting dangers, Journal of consumer Marketing, pp. 13-15 Kumar,V., Stam,A. And Jachimsthaler,E.A,(1994), An international criteria approach to identifying potential foreign markets, Journal of international marketing, 2(1),pp.29-52 Levit-Theodore- 1983, Globalization of markets, Harward business review, pp, 13-15 Marian Beise and Thomas Cleff (2004), Assessing the lead market potential of countries for innovation Project, Journal of International Management, 10 (4), pp 453-477 Poul.H.Anderson and Jesper Strandskov, (1998), International Market selection: A cognitive Mapping Perspective, Journal of Marketing,11(3), p.p. 65-84 Syed.H.Rahman,(2003),Modelling of international market selection process: a qualitative study of successful Australian international business, Qualitative Market Research: An international Journal, 6(2),pp.119-132 Wind, Yoram, 1986 The myth of globalization,  Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 3 pp.23-6. Websites refrenced Information about Honda Siel Cars, Honda Website, Available at; https://www.hondacarindia.com/mediacenter/view_press_releases.aspx?pr_id=171Accessed on 18th December 2009 Information about Price Hike of Honda products, Financial Chronicle, Available at https://www.mydigitalfc.com/cars/honda-siel-hike-car-prices-jan-592 Accessed on 18th December 2009 Information about Honda Siel Cars, Honda Website, Available at; https://honda-com.domain-ref.http.lithium.lon.periodicnetwork.com/Honda_Siel_Cars_India%20Ltd.php Accessed on December 18th 2009 Honda Cars, Honda company website, Available at: https://www.hondacarindia.com/about/hondaInIndia.aspx Accessed on December 18th 2009 About Hondas subsidiary in India, HSCI, Japan Corporate news,Available at; https://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=13821 Accessed on December 18th 2009 Information about Emerging Market India, India Business Directory, Available at; https://business.mapsofindia.com/india-market/eme rging.html Accessed on December 27th 2009. Information about Indian Car market in future, Economy Watch, Available at; https://www.economywatch.com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry.html Accessed on December 28th 2009. Information about the Indian Car Industry, Indian Express daily, Available at; https://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=59286 Accessed on December 28th 2009. Information about the automobile industry in India, Automobile maps of India, Available at; https://automobiles.mapsofindia.com/ Accessed on December 30th 2009 Information about the launching of Honda Jazz in Indian market, NDTV, Available at; https://www.ndtv.com/news/videos/video_player.php?id=1125975 Accessed on January 6th 2010. Information of Honda Production,The Hindu Business report, Available at, https://www.blonnet.com/2009/06/21/stories/2009062150770200.htm Accessed on January 7th 2010. Information about the small entry of Small car market, Reuters, available at; https://in.reuters.com/article/businessNews/idINIndia-45156220100105 Accessed on Dec 7th 2010. Information about Future car and their lead market concept, The Hindu Business report, Available at; https://www.blonnet.com/2009/06/12/stories/2009061250980300.htm Accessed on December 8th 2010. Information about Honda Cars,Honda Siel Cars, Press release, available at; https://www.hondacarindia.com/mediaCenter/view_press_releases.aspx?pr_id=172 Accessed on January 10th 2010 Information about Honda cars,Honda Cars Press release, Availabe at; https://www.hondacarindia.com/mediaCenter/view_press_releases.aspx?pr_id=174 Accessed on January 10th 2010 Specifications of Honda Jazz, Carazoo product report, Available at; https://www.carazoo.com/newcars/carreview/Honda/Jazz Accessed on January 12th 2010 Information about the problems Honda faced at Norway, News clipping, available at; https://jalsbo.com/bus/hondafitta.html Accessed on January 12th 2010 Information about the Car market of India, Car Statistics, available at; https://www.automobileindia.com/cars/statistics/ Accessed on January 12th 2010 Car market in India, Statistical analysis, by SIAM, available at; https://www.siamindia.com/scripts/industrystatistics.aspx Accessed on January 13th 2010 Information about Promotion Honda adopted for Indian market, Wheels unplugged, available at; https://www.wheelsunplugged.com/ViewNews.aspx?newsid=4248 Accessed on January 13th 2010 Bibliography https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/27/style/27iht-remerge.1.8498149.html?_r=3 https://www.hondacarindia.com/about/founders.aspx https://business.mapsofindia.com/india-market/emerging.html https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Automobiles/2009-Indian-auto-industry-in-top-gear-despite-global-gloom/articleshow/5377602.cms https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4697547.stm https://www.honestjohn.co.uk/news/item.htm?id=4785 https://www.autoindia.com/News/auto-news-india1598.html https://www.blonnet.com/2009/06/11/stories/2009061151300200.htm https://uttoransen.com/auto-in-india-indian-automobile-market/ https://www.financialexpress.com/news/honda-siel-cars-regain-fourth-position-in-passenger-car-sector/335172/

Why alcohol should not be legal Free Essays

Why alcohol should not be legal 1 Why alcohol should not be legal Delono Walker Devry University April 10, 2011 Why alcohol should not be 2 In the 1920’s during world war one, the churches mostly Protestants began to lobby against the sales of alcohol: in order to slow crime and domestic abuse. Furthermore many saloons or bars were selling German products. On January 16, 1919 the lobbyist won and under the Eighteenth Amendment prohibition was created and made legal. We will write a custom essay sample on Why alcohol should not be legal? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unfortunately it didn’t last long since bootleggers were now creating their own spirits. The bootleggers were becoming wealthy by selling illegal spirits and the States were becoming more, and more unable to police them. Crime rates were rising to new heights as the bootleggers formed mobs and syndicates gaining control of the streets. In the year 1933 prohibition was repealed, congress felt that it would weaken organized crime as well as be used to generate moneys through taxation. In my opinion this shows that people became desperate during the Great Depression for Alcohol. Just like marijuana, coke, and heroin: the government made a drug illegal and people found a way to obtain it. In my opinion our society feels that there is a need for it and they are right. Alcohol is a drug that stimulates economic growth and development, but not with out consequences. People have different reasons for abusing alcohol. Drinking Alcohol has many consequences. I have personally seen the effects of alcohol abuse. Alcohol should be illegal, because it is a drug that can ruin many lives, can cause mental illness, and causes crime rates to increase like other drugs. People have different reasons for abusing alcohol. Many people drink socially, while others binge drink. A person might want to take the edge off by drinking a few beers. Alcohol has become a household drug. It is served at parties and at dinners. The majority of people drink in order to enjoy themselves, however many people drink for the wrong reasons, such as drinking to forget your problems which results in abuse. Drinking alcohol has many consequences. Alcohol also leads to physical ailments such as hypertension. If a drinker continues a pattern of binge drinking he/she might become a victim of heart disease. Alcohol also causes jaundice, which is caused by cirrhosis of the liver, as well as cause kidney damage. It can cause families to break apart. It can cause people to lose their jobs and homes. Alcohol increases chances for communicable disease. There are many people in prison, because of choices made while drinking. According to Crime in America’s statistics â€Å"drugs and alcohol implicated in 78 percent of violent crimes†(Crime in America, 2010 ). Alcohol should be illegal, because it is a drug that can ruin many lives. Thousands of people have lost love ones due hospitalization and car wrecks. According to NHTSA, 35 percent of all traffic deaths occurred in crashes in which at least one driver or non occupant had a BAC of 0. 08 percent or more and that any alcohol was present in 41 percent of all fatal crashes in 2002. †(Hingson Micheal, 2003; Hanson) Sadly it’s not always the user that is harmed; many accidents involve pedestrians, or passengers. Furt hermore drinking has long term effects, it can kill someone quickly, or slowly. â€Å"In 2006 a total of 22,073 persons died of alcohol-induced causes in the United States† (Annual causes of death in the United States, 2011 para 6) Alcohol can increase the chances of mental illness. People who suffer from anxiety or depression tend to self medicate. The user only feels a deeper feeling ofanxiety or depression, so they drink more only building a tolerance. This is known as the Vicious Circle. â€Å"Moderate doses of alcohol, nicotine, or caffeine can induce psychotic symptoms in a person with schizophrenia, and small amounts of marijuana, cocaine, or other drugs can precipitate prolonged psychotic relapses. † (Drake, 1994 para 2) People with mental illness are more vulnerable to the affects of alcohol. This is the concept behind the idea of Dual Disorder: a patient has two defined diseases. Normal people have been noted to gain mental issues from drug abuse, while people with mental problems gain drugs abuse. Many people that abuse alcohol are prone to have relationship issues. Problems controlling finances, and working their job. These contribute to an individuals need to medicate. Considering that alcohol is a depressant, in individuals that suffer from depression spirits can lead to suicide. An estimated five million of the 32 million people 65 and older suffer from depression. Russel, 2007 para 2) The chances of suicide due to drinking increases with age, because of the responsibilities that come with age. Alcohol seems to be a tool for people to evacuate the everyday life. Alcohol increases crime rates just like other drugs. There are however casual drinkers that just have a drink on occasion. The regular social drinkers that don’t abuse alcohol and treat it as a privil ege, should they be punished for what others have, and are doing? Honestly I don’t feel as though they should. Alcohol generates money for our Government by State Tax. So why not make other drugs legal? Our Government will then be able to generate money by taxing Marijuana. It’s the same as what was happening during the prohibition: prohibited drugs are still being used without regulation and criminals are making money from it. Drug related crime on our streets can possibly be slowed by making certain drugs legal: certain dealers would no longer be able to supply if people got those drugs from a local store or pharmacy. That is why crime is lower in places like Northern California, were marijuana has been made legal in some parts. As I stated prior it seems that people are going out of their way to obtain the drug that suits them and that’s why alcohol is a drug like the rest. I have personally seen the effects of alcohol abuse. While being a member of the Armed Forces, my associates, and I would often go to bars. While there we would go on all night binges and drink until the bar closed. One particular night we were out drinking and having a good time. One of my friends got completely intoxicated, although he was able to handle is liquor, so we didn’t see how bad off he was. We drove home and left him the car to take with him. He made it four blocks before he called us. We found him hanging on the side of a fence and the car had crashed into the side of a facility. He needed medical attention, but he didn’t want to go, because that meant discharge from the Service. So the guys and I called the local authorities and they picked him up. I wonder if he realizes that he could’ve died that night. Why alcohol should not be legal 3 References Annual causes of death in the United States. (2011). Retrieved 04 02, 2011, from http://www. drugwarfacts. org/cms/node/30 Crime in America. (2010 , march 3). Retrieved from Crime in America. Net: How to cite Why alcohol should not be legal?, Papers

Ethics Environmentally Responsible Health †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Ethics Environmentally Responsible Health? Answer: Introduction It would be correct to say that one of the key roles of managers is to make effective decision. There are times when managers must make decisions in the tough times. It is expected that managers would come out of their personal biases and take the decision that is best for the team and the organization (Govindan Rajendran, 2015). The objective of this paper is to discuss the case study of Australian Pharmaceutical Corporation. The paper would use the eight-step decision making process to solve the case study. In this paper, I would argue that the manager should not allow the use of drug in Western Africa. Analysis The case study presents that the drug has not been tested on human beings. Therefore, it cannot be said with 100% guarantee that the drug would be successful for humans. It would be interesting to analyze the decision-making process with respect to the eight-step decision making model. The eight-step decision making process for this case can be discussed as: Step 1: Define the problem In this case the problem is to decide if the drug should be allowed to launch in Africa. As mentioned in the case, the drug is successful tested on animals in Australia. However, the drug is not tested for humans and it would take another 10 years to test the drug on humans. At the same time, the drug has the potential to cure the virus that is spreading fast in West Africa. Therefore, the decision has to be made if the drug should be shared with West Africa or not. This drug or vaccine is still at the experimental stage only. Step 2: Determine the requirements that the solution to the problem must meet The solution to the problem must meet the requirement of making one of the decisions. The case presents that the manager has to make decision between the two options. The first option is that the drug should not be shared with the people in the West Africa. The second option is that the drug could be shared with the people in the West Africa. It is also required that the decision should be ethical in nature and the decision should be able to help others. However, the problem in this case is that the end state could not be realized at the initial stage. Step 3: Establish goals that solving the problem should accomplish It is expected that the solution would be beneficial to different stakeholders. The three key stakeholders in this case are: The organization that has developed the drug, it would also include the decision make or the manager in the organization that has to make the decision The organization or the people in West Africa that wants the drug, it would include the health worker in West Africa. The people who would use the drug The goal or problem solving would be to meet the expectations of these stakeholders. There are other stakeholders also that should be convinced. For example, the government of both the nations is also important stakeholders. It is important that the expectations of these governments should also be met (Kabir Sadiq, 2014). The goal should be to take this task as a project and the larger goals should be broken down into smaller objectives. Thus, based on the scope, time and cost, appropriate quality preparation should be made so that everything should be balanced and it should not happen that project team is focusing so much on quality initiatives and policy that it impacted the schedule and project went into overrun. Step 4: Identify alternatives that would solve the problem At this moment, it appears that there are only two key alternatives to the problem. These two alternatives can be discussed as: Alternative 1: To give the drug to health workers in West Africa Alternative 2: Not to give the drug to health workers in West Africa There could be various reasons and logic to use either of the above alternatives. It is important that the decision maker should analyze various reasons and logic before making any decision (Ford Richardson, 2013). Personally, I can say that health care goal could be achieved with a combined and integrated approach of different stakeholders. I can say that the strategy of increased focus on healthcare technology is definitely a way forward for organizations to make themselves more efficient. It is also important that organizations should have a long-term plan and vision in place to implement health care technology system. Therefore, the alternatives should be thought beyond these two alternatives also. In an ideal world, the best alternative would be one that could satisfy the needs and expectations of all the stakeholders (Ho Kraus, 2014). Step 5: Develop valuation criteria based on the goals It is important that the valuation criteria should be developed on the basis of the alternatives. It is also important that the valuation criteria should be quantitative in nature and it should address public health. The three key valuation criteria for this decision can be discussed as: The decision should be beneficial for the people that would ultimately use the drug The cost or the risk involved in the use of the drug should be less than the benefits or the utility that this drug can provide. The West African health worker should be ready to take the risks and the liabilities in case of any unfortunate event. Apart from this, there would be monetary value criteria also. For example, the organization can take the step that is profitable for them. However, it would make sense to ignore the monetary dimension when there is a question of lives of people (Paul Muller, 2014). Step 6: Select a decision-making tool There are various decision-making tools that could be used in these cases. It is best to analyze these decisions with respect to the ethical framework. Public health ethics deal with issues of public welfare related to public health. It mainly deals with being issues related to diseases and mainly focuses on health of the public. Thus the main points covered in public health ethics are preventing the diseases and also promoting good health among the population. There are frameworks related to prevention of diseases for public health but promoting good health or monitoring the good health can involve many issues (Bratzke Muehrer, 2015). The pertinent question whether these aspects of drug decision should also be covered in public health ethics. Ideally yes. These issues which directly affect the population should have at least some relevance in public health ethics. These issues directly affect the public health and public health officials should get involved in these aspects. Currently there are not much ethical imperatives to look into such issues as they dont directly deal with health issues but there should be a framework which brings in these aspects also under the ethical purview of the public health ethics. Incidents which affect the public in a very significant manner should also be brought under public health ethics (Pierce Jameton, 2003). There are various ethical theories like utilitarianism, virtue theory, Kantianism, etc. that could be applied in this case. Ethical theory serves as the foundation for ethical solutions to the difficult situations people encounter in life. In fact, for centuries, philosophers have come up with theoretical ways of telling right from wrong and for giving guidelines about how to live and act ethically (Johnson Blumstein, 2013). The decision making tool in this case would be Kantianism theory of ethics. Step 7: Apply the tool to select the best alternative The Kantianism theory of ethics emphasizes the principles behind actions rather than an actions results. Acting rightly thus requires being motivated by proper universal principles that treat everyone with respect.In this case the action could be positive or negative. However, the important thing is the principles. The principles suggest that it may not be a good idea to take the risks worth the lives of thousands of people. Hospitals, health departments and the non profit organizations can play a significant role in handling any events and thereby preventing the disastrous consequences of these events. These departments cannot prevent nor predict these events but they can be ready for serve the public whenever such event occurs. These institutions should work with other institutions which can predict such events like meteorological department (Ott, 2012). The best alternative in this case would be to not to go ahead with the drug sharing mechanism. It is suggested that the organization should say no the west african health worker. At the same time, it is recommended that the organization should work in collaboration with West African helath worker. By working in coordination they can help the people, make them more aware and also help them during the event. When such event occur a lot of people will require medical help and these institutions can help people and also remain prepared to treat large number of individuals. Also prevention of disease during such event is necessary. It is also important that the organization should clearly explain the reasons for saying no. These institutions needs to prepared before any major event takes as post the event it can be difficult to handle the situation on the ground and hence these institutions need to be prepared and also educate the public. This way they can help the people (Olasky, 2006) Step 8: Check the answer/ solution to ensure that it solves the problem Vaccination has been important issue for all the nations (developed and developing). There are vaccines available for many diseases which otherwise could wreak havoc on the human population. Giving vaccine can be both medical beneficial as well as can be an important aspect in public health. Many of the vaccines are given at very young age when children dont have the understanding of importance of the vaccination and hence it becomes important that parents take responsibility and give the children required medicines (Murana, 2014). There have been various ethical issues arising in this aspect of public health. Many times parents are not giving the children the required vaccination which can make them susceptible to these diseases whose vaccines are already present and the individuals can be prevented from contracting those diseases. The answer in this case is to say No to the health care workers in Western Africa. The main benefit of this decision is that organization has avoided the uncertainty associated with the lives of people. It may not be possible to foresee the future. However, based on the value criteria, it appears that this decision is the best decision. Conclusion The objective of this paper was to use the eight-step decision making process to solve the case study. With the above discussion it can be said that the West African health workers should not be given the drug. It is correct that the drug has the potential to cure the population. However, the risks associated with the use of drug us unknown. 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